Nurses' demands and resources at work: workload, workplace friendship, positive affect, work engagement on performance
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Dec 15, 2023
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Abstract
This study delves into how nurses perceive the demands and resources of their jobs, aiming to uncover their impact on job performance and engagement. The focus is on how nurses deal with workload, workplace friendships, and positive affect influencing their engagement and performance. These relationships were tested using Structural Equation Modeling assisted by the AMOS 24 statistical tool. The sample was drawn with purposive sampling from nurses recruited by health centers in West Kalimantan, Indonesia (n=213). The study found that workload was perceived as having a negative impact on performance, while workplace friendship, positive affect, and work engagement had a positive impact. Furthermore, the workload had a negative impact on work engagement, while workplace friendship and positive affect had a positive effect. In addition, work engagement partially mediates the relationship to performance; workload continues to have a negative effect, while workplace friendship and positive affect continue to have a positive effect. The negative relationship of workload to performance and engagement means nurses at health centers in West Kalimantan perceive workload as a job demand that particularly hinders them, while positive relationship of workplace friendship and positive affect act as resources that motivate their work.
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How to Cite
Andika, W., Daud, I., Azazi, A., Setiawan, H., & Fitriana, A. (2023). Nurses’ demands and resources at work: workload, workplace friendship, positive affect, work engagement on performance. Enrichment : Journal of Management, 13(5), 3123-3135. https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v13i5.1755
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Bi̇Çer, C. (2020). The Hedgehog’s Dilemma in Organizations: The Pros and Cons of Workplace Friendship. Hitit University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 13(1), 201–217. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsosbil.741565
Darvishmotevali, M., & Ali, F. (2020). Job insecurity, subjective well-being and job performance: The moderating role of psychological capital. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87(February 2019), 102462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102462
De Los Santos, J. A. A., & Labrague, L. J. (2021). Job Engagement and Satisfaction Are Associated With Nurse Caring Behaviours: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(7), 2234–2242. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13384
Decuypere, A., & Schaufeli, W. (2020). Leadership and Work Engagement: Exploring Explanatory Mechanisms. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(1), 69–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002219892197
Demerouti, E., Nachreiner, F., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The Job Demands-Resources Model of Burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
Demsky, C. A., Fritz, C., & Ellis, A. M. (2021). Better Work for a Better Weekend: Relationships between Job Performance, Positive Affect, and Pleasurable Weekend Experiences. Occupational Health Science, 5(1–2), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41542-021-00088-3
Demur, D. R. D. N., Mahmud, R., & Yeni, F. (2019). Beban Kerja Dan Motivasi Dengan Perilaku Caring Perawat. JURNAL KESEHATAN PERINTIS (Perintis’s Health Journal), 6(2), 164–176. https://doi.org/10.33653/jkp.v6i2.303
Diener, E., Thapa, S., & Tay, L. (2020). Positive Emotions at Work. In Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior (Vol. 7, Issue 1, pp. 451–477). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-044908
Febrina, T., Edward, Z., & Nasution, N. (2020). Hubungan Beban Kerja Dengan Kinerja Perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Harapan Bunda Kota Batam. Jurnal Kesehatan Saelmakers PERDANA, 3(2), 1–12.
Gallup. (2023). State of the Global Workplace 2023 Report.
Ghazawy, E. R., Mahfouz, E. M., Mohammed, E. S., & Refaei, S. A. (2021). Nurses’ Work Engagement and Its Impact on the Job Outcomes. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(2), 320–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2019.1644725
Grobelna, A. (2019). Effects of Individual and Job Characteristics on Hotel Contact Employees’ Work Engagement and Their Performance Outcomes: A Case Study from Poland. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(1), 349–369. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2017-0501
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., Black, W. C., & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate Data Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119409137.ch4
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Hendra, R., Demina, Hael, E., & Adolt, S. (2022). The Importance of Individual Behaviour on Organization. Al-Hijr: Journal of Adulearn World, 1(4), 158–166. https://doi.org/10.55849/alhijr.v1i4.66
Hidayat, N., & Yuliatno, T. (2022). PENGUKURAN INDEKS KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT (IKM) PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI PUSKESMAS KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG, KALIMANTAN BARAT. Jurnal JOUBAHS, 2(1), 47–60.
Hong, J. C., Petsangsri, S., & Cui, Y. (2021). Positive Affect Predicts Turnover Intention Mediated by Online Work Engagement: A Perspective of R&D Professionals in the Information and Communication Technology Industry. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 764953. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764953
Jones, D. R., & Graham-Engeland, J. E. (2021). Positive Affect and Peripheral Inflammatory Markers Among Adults: A Narrative Review. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104892
Jung, H. S., Jung, Y. S., & Yoon, H. H. (2021). COVID-19: The effects of job insecurity on the job engagement and turnover intent of deluxe hotel employees and the moderating role of generational characteristics. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92(June 2020), 102703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102703
Karlsson, M., & Pennbrant, S. (2020). Ideas of Caring in Nursing Practice. Nursing Philosophy, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/nup.12325
Khan, R., Neveu, J. P., Murtaza, G., & Khan, K. U. (2022). Impact of Psychological Resources on Employee Engagement: The Mediating Role of Positive Affect and Ego-Resilience. SAGE Open, 12(2), 215824402210899. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221089971
Komari, N., & Djafar, F. (2023). Effect of healthcare workers’ personalities on health service quality: A case study of hospitals on the Malaysia-Indonesia border. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 21(1), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(1).2023.07
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C., Hildebrandt, V., Van Buuren, S., Van Der Beek, A. J., & de Vet, H. C. w. (2012). Development of an individual work performance questionnaire. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 62(1), 6–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410401311285273
Kunte, M., & Rungruang, P. (2019). Test of the job demand resources model in Thailand. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 22(1), 2–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-03-2018-0036
Laguna, M. (2019). Towards Explaining the “How” of Positive Orientation: The Beliefs-Affect-Engagement model. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 22(2), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12336
Luo, M., & Lei, J. (2021). Using the JD-R Model to Predict the Organizational Outcomes of Social Workers in Guangzhou, China. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 12(2), 349–369. https://doi.org/10.1086/714311
Ma, F., Zhu, Y., Liu, L., Chen, H., & Liu, Y. (2023). Work Engagement and Safety Behavior of Nurses in Specialized Cancer Hospitals: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy. Journal of Nursing Management, 2023, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9034073
Ma, X., Wu, D., & Hou, X. (2023). Positive affect and job performance in psychiatric nurses: A moderated mediation analysis. Nursing Open, 10(5), 3064–3074. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1553
Mroczek, D. K., & Kolarz, C. M. (1998). The Effect of Age on Positive and Negative Affect: A Developmental Perspective on Happiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(5), 1333–1349. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.5.1333
Nielsen, I. K., Jex, S. M., & Adams, G. A. (2000). Development and Validation of Scores on a Two-Dimensional Workplace Friendship Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(4), 628–643. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131640021970655
Nnko, E. E., Nyang’au, S., & Odhiambo, R. (2019). Influence of Workload on Perfomance of Nurses in Regional Hospitals in Tanzania. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6(3), 804–815.
OK, A. E. L., SA, R., ES, M., Emam SA, E., & ER, G. (2019). Workplace Friendship among Minia University Hospitals’ Nurses. Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine, 43(3), 441–452. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejom.2019.47863
Okojie, G., Ismail, I. R., & Yasin, Hjh. I. M. (2023). Positive Affectivity and Employee Engagement. Business Perspective Review, 5(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.38157/bpr.v5i1.554
Özbek, M. F. (2018). Do We Need Friendship in the Workplace? The Theory of Workplace Friendship and Employee Outcomes: The Role of Work Ethics. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, February, 153–176. https://doi.org/10.26650/jecs417777
Pamungkas, R. A., Ruga, F. B. P., Kusumapradja, R., & Kusumapradja, R. (2022). Impact of Physical Workload and Mental Workload on Nurse Performance: A Path Analysis. International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS), 5(2), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v5i2.604
Pillemer, J., & Rothbard, N. P. (2018). Friends Without Benefits: Understanding the Dark Sides of Workplace Friendship Journal: Academy of Management Review Friends Without Benefits: Understanding the Dark Sides of Workplace Friendship. Academy of Management Review, 43(4).
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