Comparison Of Human Development Index Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##
Downloads
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world has brought various impacts on human life, including human development achievements. Development can be interpreted as an effort or process to make changes for the better. The development process occurs in all aspects of people's lives, such as economic, political, social and cultural aspects. The purpose of this study is to see the difference in the Human Development Index before and during the covid 19 pandemic. The research method used is the Paired Sample T-Test which is an analytical test to determine the average difference between matched data points. The results of the study show that there are differences in the Human Development Index in Indonesia, as seen from the results of the Paired Sample T-Test table. The significant value of HDI shows that there are differences in the Human Development Index in Indonesia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This means that the Indonesian government needs to take strategic steps and good policies to increase the human development index.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
References
BPS. (2020). Human Development Index. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2021/04/30/8e777ce2d7570ced44197a37/index-pembangun-human-2020.html.
Hakim, M. A. A., Suryantoro, A., & Rahardjo, M. (2021). Analysis of the Influence of Tourism Growth on Economic Growth and Human Development Index in West Java Province 2012-2018. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(1), 160–169. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1561
Hedberg, E. C. (2015). The power of a paired t-test with a covariate. Soc Sci Res, 50(1), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.12.004.The
Lind, N. (2019). A Development of the Human Development Index. Social Indicators Research, 146(3), 409–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02133-9
Mariano, E. B., Sobreiro, V. A., & Rebelatto, D. A. do N. (2015). Human development and data envelopment analysis: A structured literature review. Omega (United Kingdom), 54, 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2015.01.002
Miftakhurrohman, Prakoso, J. A. (2020). Analysis of the Influence of the Tourism Sector on Community Welfare in the Former Kedu Residence in 2015 – 2020. Journal of Economic Science, 2(2), 89–101. http://jurnal.una.ac.id/index.php/jse/article/view/2490/1910
Ranis, G., Stewart, F., & Samman, E. (2006). Human Development: Beyond the Human Development Index. Journal of Human Development. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14649880600815917
Sun, W., Tang, S., & Liu, F. (2021). Examining perceived and projected destination image: A social media content analysis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063354
Todaro, P. M. (2011). Economic Development. Erlangga.
UNDP. (2017). In Human Development Report 2016.
UNDP. (2019). Human Development Report 2019: beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today. In United Nations Development Programme. United Nations Development Programme.
Wu, S.-I., & Zheng, Y.-H. (2014). The Influence of Tourism Image and Activities Appeal on Tourist Loyalty – A Study of Tainan City in Taiwan. Journal of Management and Strategy, 5(4), 121–135. https://doi.org/10.5430/jms.v5n4p121