Yuniati, T., Noor Fikri, A.W. and Richo Rianto, M. 2025. Determinants of profitability in indonesia’s big banks: the role of capital structure, operational efficiency (bopo), and net profit margin (npm) during the 2020–2024. Enrichment : Journal of Management. 15, 5 (Dec. 2025), 577-587. DOI:https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v15i5.2406.