Analysis of the pesantren environment and leadership style on teacher performance with work-life balance as an intervening variable
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Jan 20, 2026
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of the pesantren environment and leadership style on teacher performance with Work-Life Balance as an intervening variable. The research used an explanatory quantitative approach and was carried out at the Al-Muawwanah Islamic Boarding School, Ciamis Regency, West Java. The research population includes all active teachers as many as 100 people who are designated as samples through saturated sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out using a Likert scale questionnaire, while data analysis was carried out using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS. The results of the study show that the pesantren environment and leadership style have a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. In addition, the pesantren environment and leadership style also have a significant effect on Work-Life Balance. Work-Life Balance has been proven to have a positive effect on teacher performance and partially mediates the relationship between the pesantren environment and leadership style and teacher performance. These findings affirm the importance of a conducive work environment, supportive leadership, and management of work-life balance as a strategic strategy to improve teacher performance in the pesantren environment
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How to Cite
Hanan, A. A., Saefulloh, S., Dwi Putra, Y. F., Wirtadipura, D., & Ardie, R. (2026). Analysis of the pesantren environment and leadership style on teacher performance with work-life balance as an intervening variable. Enrichment : Journal of Management, 15(6), 698-708. https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v15i6.2458
References
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Benevene, P., De Stasio, S., & Fiorilli, C. (2020). Editorial: Well-Being of School Teachers in Their Work Environment. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01239
Edeh, N. I., Ezebuiro, F. N., Okute, A. L., Nwadi, C. L., & Ugwunwoti, E. P. (2024). Mediation Roles of Transformational Leadership andPsychological Empowerment on Work-Life Balance and In-role Performance of Vocational Educators in Nigeria. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 16(1), 112–127.
Effendi, M. S., Komariah, A., Agustina, S. S., & Dikdik, A. (2025). Beyond Workload: Uncovering the Link Between Supervisor Support, Work–Life Balance, and Lecturer Productivity. Education Sciences, 15(9), 1122. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15091122
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Hamid, R. S., & Anwar, S. M. (2019). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Berbasis Varian: Konsep Dasar dan Aplikasi dengan Program SmartPLS 3.2.8 dalam Riset Bisnis. PT Inkubator Penulis Indonesia.
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Ma’arif, M. N., Amelia, A., & Ramzani, I. (2024). Pengaruh work-life balance terhadap kinerja guru dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Muhammadiyah Aceh, 14(2), 286–294. https://doi.org/10.37598/jimma.v14i2.2383
Mukhtar, M. (2018). Lingkungan Kerja dan Kaitannya dengan Kinerja Guru di Pondok Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 23(3), 271–285.
Nasra, M. A., & Arar, K. (2020). Leadership style and teacher performance: mediating role of occupational perception. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(1), 186–202. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-04-2019-0146
Novitasari, S. P., Sukarman, S., & Fitriya, H. (2025). Factors Influencing Teacher Job Satisfaction in Islamic Boarding Schools. Ainara Journal (Jurnal Penelitian Dan PKM Bidang Ilmu Pendidikan), 6(3), 376–383.
Parveen, K., Quang Bao Tran, P., Kumar, T., & Shah, A. H. (2022). Impact of Principal Leadership Styles on Teacher Job Performance: An Empirical Investigation. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.814159
Prasetyo, Y. (2016). Efektivitas Gaya Kepemimpinan Partisipatif Kyai dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru Pesantren. Al-Tarbawi: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3(2), 102–114.
Rahmania, V., Berlian, S., Kurniawan, A., & Puspitasari, P. (2023). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru Madrasah Diniyah Putri Pondok Pesantren Qodratullah Langkan Kabupaten Banyuasin. Journal of Management, Entrepreneur and Cooperative, 2(2), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.56869/jmec.v2i2.506
Rasool, S. F., Wang, M., Tang, M., Saeed, A., & Iqbal, J. (2021). How toxic workplace environment effects the employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational support and employee wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052294
Ravensky, D., Bukhori, M., & Karnawati, T. A. (2023). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru Pondok Pesantren Dar Al-Raudhah Pangkalanbun Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kewirausahaan, 11(2), 373–390. https://doi.org/10.47668/pkwu.v11i2.744
Saleem, A., Aslam, S., Yin, H., & Rao, C. (2020). Principal Leadership Styles and Teacher Job Performance: Viewpoint of Middle Management. Sustainability, 12(8), 3390. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083390
Sani, K. F., & Adisa, T. A. (2024). Work–life balance: Does leadership matter? Employee Relations: The International Journal, 46(2), 269–286. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-03-2023-0145
Shah, S. M., Noranee, S., Munir, Z. A., Noranee, S., Shahruddin, S., & Mujanah, S. (2024). The Influence of work-life balance, workload and work environment on burnout among teachers in Melaka Tengah District, Malaysia. Information Management and Business Review, 16(1), 137–152.
Siregar, Z. A. B., Akmal, S., Mohzana, M., Rahman, K., & Putra, F. T. (2023). Islamic Boarding School Leadership and Work Environment on Teacher Performance. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 6(3), 420–435. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v6i3.4065
Zhenjing, G., Chupradit, S., Ku, K. Y., Nassani, A. A., & Haffar, M. (2022). Impact of Employees’ Workplace Environment on Employees’ Performance: A Multi-Mediation Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400
Azzahra, D. F., & Rinaldi, M. (2024). Pengaruh Work-Life Balance terhadap Kinerja Guru di Lingkungan Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 45–59.
Benevene, P., De Stasio, S., & Fiorilli, C. (2020). Editorial: Well-Being of School Teachers in Their Work Environment. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01239
Edeh, N. I., Ezebuiro, F. N., Okute, A. L., Nwadi, C. L., & Ugwunwoti, E. P. (2024). Mediation Roles of Transformational Leadership andPsychological Empowerment on Work-Life Balance and In-role Performance of Vocational Educators in Nigeria. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 16(1), 112–127.
Effendi, M. S., Komariah, A., Agustina, S. S., & Dikdik, A. (2025). Beyond Workload: Uncovering the Link Between Supervisor Support, Work–Life Balance, and Lecturer Productivity. Education Sciences, 15(9), 1122. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15091122
Gufronul, H. (2020). Gaya Kepemimpinan Kyai dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kinerja Guru di Pondok Pesantren Bumi Cendekia. Jurnal Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, 8(2), 130–142.
Hamid, R. S., & Anwar, S. M. (2019). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Berbasis Varian: Konsep Dasar dan Aplikasi dengan Program SmartPLS 3.2.8 dalam Riset Bisnis. PT Inkubator Penulis Indonesia.
Husna, M., & Septiani, M. (2024). Pengaruh Work Life Balancedan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Pahoman Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi (JEMSI), 6(1), 400–410.
Lidia, E., & Suyanto, S. (2024). Analisis Hubungan Lingkungan Kerja, Gaya Kepemimpinan, dan Work-life Balance terhadap Kinerja Guru Pesantren dengan Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 15(1), 60–75.
Lubis, H. (2020). Evaluasi Kinerja Guru di Beberapa Pesantren Indonesia: Studi Kasus. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 9(1), 101–115.
Ma’arif, E. (2024). Pengaruh Work-Life Balance dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Kampus 8 Seulimeum, Aceh Besar. Edukasi Pesantren, 17(2), 80–98.
Ma’arif, M. N., Amelia, A., & Ramzani, I. (2024). Pengaruh work-life balance terhadap kinerja guru dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Muhammadiyah Aceh, 14(2), 286–294. https://doi.org/10.37598/jimma.v14i2.2383
Mukhtar, M. (2018). Lingkungan Kerja dan Kaitannya dengan Kinerja Guru di Pondok Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 23(3), 271–285.
Nasra, M. A., & Arar, K. (2020). Leadership style and teacher performance: mediating role of occupational perception. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(1), 186–202. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-04-2019-0146
Novitasari, S. P., Sukarman, S., & Fitriya, H. (2025). Factors Influencing Teacher Job Satisfaction in Islamic Boarding Schools. Ainara Journal (Jurnal Penelitian Dan PKM Bidang Ilmu Pendidikan), 6(3), 376–383.
Parveen, K., Quang Bao Tran, P., Kumar, T., & Shah, A. H. (2022). Impact of Principal Leadership Styles on Teacher Job Performance: An Empirical Investigation. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.814159
Prasetyo, Y. (2016). Efektivitas Gaya Kepemimpinan Partisipatif Kyai dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru Pesantren. Al-Tarbawi: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3(2), 102–114.
Rahmania, V., Berlian, S., Kurniawan, A., & Puspitasari, P. (2023). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru Madrasah Diniyah Putri Pondok Pesantren Qodratullah Langkan Kabupaten Banyuasin. Journal of Management, Entrepreneur and Cooperative, 2(2), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.56869/jmec.v2i2.506
Rasool, S. F., Wang, M., Tang, M., Saeed, A., & Iqbal, J. (2021). How toxic workplace environment effects the employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational support and employee wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052294
Ravensky, D., Bukhori, M., & Karnawati, T. A. (2023). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru Pondok Pesantren Dar Al-Raudhah Pangkalanbun Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kewirausahaan, 11(2), 373–390. https://doi.org/10.47668/pkwu.v11i2.744
Saleem, A., Aslam, S., Yin, H., & Rao, C. (2020). Principal Leadership Styles and Teacher Job Performance: Viewpoint of Middle Management. Sustainability, 12(8), 3390. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083390
Sani, K. F., & Adisa, T. A. (2024). Work–life balance: Does leadership matter? Employee Relations: The International Journal, 46(2), 269–286. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-03-2023-0145
Shah, S. M., Noranee, S., Munir, Z. A., Noranee, S., Shahruddin, S., & Mujanah, S. (2024). The Influence of work-life balance, workload and work environment on burnout among teachers in Melaka Tengah District, Malaysia. Information Management and Business Review, 16(1), 137–152.
Siregar, Z. A. B., Akmal, S., Mohzana, M., Rahman, K., & Putra, F. T. (2023). Islamic Boarding School Leadership and Work Environment on Teacher Performance. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 6(3), 420–435. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v6i3.4065
Zhenjing, G., Chupradit, S., Ku, K. Y., Nassani, A. A., & Haffar, M. (2022). Impact of Employees’ Workplace Environment on Employees’ Performance: A Multi-Mediation Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400