Workload and working hours effect on employees work-life balance mediated by work stress
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Abstract
Work-life balance and work stress is an important aspect to consider nowadays. A good work-life balance has a positive impact on employee productivity and well-being. However, high workload pressure and long working hours can disrupt that balance. This study aims to analyze the influence of Workload and working hours on employees work-life balance mediated by work stress. This research took place or objective at PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIII employees. PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIII is one of the state-owned companies. This research used descriptive quantitative research using the survey method with total 267 respondent. This study used a five-point Likert scale. In this study, measurement and analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS 24 statistical tools. The results of this study indicate that only two hypotheses are accepted, and the remaining five hypotheses are rejected. This study shows that Workload has a positive and significant effect on Work-Life Balance, and Work Stress has a positive and significant effect on Work-Life Balance. Meanwhile, Workload negatively affects Work Stress, Working Hours negatively affect Work Stress, and Working Hours negatively affects Work-Life Balance. Work Stress does not intervene in the influence of Workload and Working Hours on Work-Life Balance
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How to Cite
Natanael, K., Iman Kalis, M. C., Daud, I., Rosnani, T., & Fahruna, Y. (2023). Workload and working hours effect on employees work-life balance mediated by work stress. Enrichment : Journal of Management, 13(5), 3110-3122. https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v13i5.1756
References
Aruldoss, A., Kowalski, K. B., & Parayitam, S. (2021). The relationship between quality of work life and work-life-balance mediating role of job stress, job satisfaction and job commitment: evidence from India. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 18(1), 36–62.
Badri, M., Al Khaili, M., Aldhaheri, H., Yang, G., Al Bahar, M., & Al Rashdi, A. (2022). Examining the structural effect of working time on well-being: Evidence from Abu Dhabi. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 6(1), 100317.
Baquero, A. (2023). Hotel employees’ burnout and intention to quit: the role of psychological distress and financial well-being in a moderation mediation model. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 84.
Basem, Z., Norawati, S., Kamal, M., Munika, R., & Hastuti, S. (2022). The Effect of Compensation, Workload, and Work Life Balance on Employee Loyalty with Job Satisfaction as a Moderating Variable. Italienisch, 12(2), 405–425.
Boamah, S. A., Hamadi, H. Y., Havaei, F., Smith, H., & Webb, F. (2022). Striking a balance between work and play: The effects of work–life interference and burnout on faculty turnover intentions and career satisfaction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 809.
Giorgi, G., Lecca, L. I., Alessio, F., Finstad, G. L., Bondanini, G., Lulli, L. G., Arcangeli, G., & Mucci, N. (2020). COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: a narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7857.
Gray, P., Senabe, S., Naicker, N., Kgalamono, S., Yassi, A., & Spiegel, J. M. (2019). Workplace-based organizational interventions promoting mental health and happiness among healthcare workers: A realist review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4396.
Hakim, A. R. (2023). Konsep Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Kesejahteraan Rakyat di Era Tantangan Digital. Journal of Economics and Business UBS, 12(4), 2672–2682.
Halim, W., & Heryjanto, A. (2021). Work-Life Balance Sebagai Mediasi Pengaruh Workload Dan Work-Family Conflict Terhadap Life Satisfaction Work-Life Balance As a Mediating Effect of Workload and Work-Family Conflict on Life Satisfaction. Februari.
Hernandez, R., Pyatak, E. A., Vigen, C. L. P., Jin, H., Schneider, S., Spruijt-Metz, D., & Roll, S. C. (2021). Understanding worker well-being relative to high-workload and recovery activities across a whole day: Pilot testing an ecological momentary assessment technique. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10354.
Hilman, H., Edward, Y. R., & Faris, S. (2022). The Effect Of Work Life Balance And Work Stress On Performance With Job Satisfaction As Intervening Variables At The Office Of Theministry Of Religion, Selatan Tapanuli Regency. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 3(5), 1321–1328.
Hsu, Y.-Y., Bai, C.-H., Yang, C.-M., Huang, Y.-C., Lin, T.-T., & Lin, C.-H. (2019). Long hours’ effects on work-life balance and satisfaction. BioMed Research International, 2019.
Huang, H., Liu, L., Yang, S., Cui, X., Zhang, J., & Wu, H. (2019). Effects of job conditions, occupational stress, and emotional intelligence on chronic fatigue among Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 351–360.
Indrawati, A., & Pradhanawati, A. (2019). Peran Ganda dan Fleksibilitas Jam Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Buruh Perempuan Pada Ukm Konveksi Batik Semarang 16. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis, 8(4), 352–360.
Irawanto, D. W., Novianti, K. R., & Roz, K. (2021). Work from home: Measuring satisfaction between work–life balance and work stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Economies, 9(3), 96.
Isa, M., & Indrayati, N. (2023). The role of work–life balance as mediation of the effect of work–family conflict on employee performance. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 10.
Jerrim, J., & Sims, S. (2021). When is high workload bad for teacher wellbeing? Accounting for the non-linear contribution of specific teaching tasks. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, 103395.
Joan Immanuella Hanna Pangemanan. (2023, March 1). Studi uktikan Pekerja di Indonesia Lebih Mementengkan Work Life Balance. Media Indonesia.
Johari, J., Tan, F. Y., & Zulkarnain, Z. I. T. (2018). Autonomy, workload, work-life balance and job performance among teachers. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(1), 107–120.
Kaduk, A., Genadek, K., Kelly, E. L., & Moen, P. (2019). Involuntary vs. voluntary flexible work: insights for scholars and stakeholders. Community, Work & Family, 22(4), 412–442.
Kokoroko, E., & Sanda, M. A. (2019). Effect of workload on job stress of Ghanaian OPD nurses: The role of coworker support. Safety and Health at Work, 10(3), 341–346.
Komari, N., Sulistiowati, S., Kurniawati, S., Daud, I., Afifah, N., & Giriati, G. (2023). Menciptakan Keseimbangan Antara Pekerjaan dan Keluarga bagi Pekerja Perempuan (Focus Group Discussion dengan Dharma Wanita Persatuan Kabupaten Mempawah). E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 14(1), 64–69.
Kumar, P., Kumar, N., Aggarwal, P., & Yeap, J. A. L. (2021). Working in lockdown: the relationship between COVID-19 induced work stressors, job performance, distress, and life satisfaction. Current Psychology, 1–16.
Magnavita, N., Tripepi, G., & Chiorri, C. (2021). Telecommuting, off-time work, and intrusive leadership in workers’ well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3330.
Massoud, M. F., Younis, J., Ibrahim, N. A., & Massoud, M. F. (n.d.). Original Paper Managing Stress through Work-Life Balance: A Study on Jinan Lebanon University Staff.
Midha, S., Maior, H. A., Wilson, M. L., & Sharples, S. (2021). Measuring mental workload variations in office work tasks using fNIRS. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 147, 102580.
Obrenovic, B., Jianguo, D., Khudaykulov, A., & Khan, M. A. S. (2020). Work-family conflict impact on psychological safety and psychological well-being: A job performance model. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 475.
Okikiola, O. L. (2022). EFFECT OF STRESS ON EMPLOYEES’PERFORMANCE IN GUARANTY TRUST BANK: A QUALITATIVE STUDY. British Journal of Global Ecology and Sustainable Development, 1, 17–39.
Omar, M. K., Aluwi, A. H., Fauzi, M. W. M., & Hairpuddin, N. F. (2020). Work stress, workload, work-life balance, and intention to leave among employees of an insurance company in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 21(2), 70–78.
Omar, M. K., Mohd, I. H., & Ariffin, M. S. (2015). Workload, role conflict and work-life balance among employees of an enforcement agency in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 8(2), 52–57.
Pandey, D. L. (2020). Work stress and employee performance: an assessment of impact of work stress. International Research Journal of Human Resource and Social Sciences, 7(05), 124–135.
Pawlicka, A., Pawlicki, M., Tomaszewska, R., Choraś, M., & Gerlach, R. (2020). Innovative machine learning approach and evaluation campaign for predicting the subjective feeling of work-life balance among employees. PloS One, 15(5), e0232771.
Peckham, T., Flaherty, B., Hajat, A., Fujishiro, K., Jacoby, D., & Seixas, N. (2022). What does non-standard employment look like in the United States? An empirical typology of employment quality. Social Indicators Research, 163(2), 555–583.
Putra, K. D., & Daud, I. (2022). Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor Rumah Tahanan Negara Kelas II A Pontianak. OPTIMISM Journal of Management Business Entrepreneurship and Organization, 1(1).
Rashid, S., Subhan, Q. A., & Imran, M. (2022). IMPACT OF WORK LIFE BALANCE, WORKLOAD AND SUPERVISORY SUPPORT ON TEACHERS’JOB PERFORMANCE WITH MEDIATING ROLE OF STRESS: A CASE OF PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS OF ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN. International Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 3(1), 21–34.
Safitri, R., & Marcheila, S. D. (2022). Measuring work stress from work-life balance and workload during Covid-19 pandemic. BISNIS: Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen Islam, 10(2), 229–246.
Sandrin, É., Gillet, N., Fernet, C., Leloup, M., & Depin‐Rouault, C. (2019). Effects of motivation and workload on firefighters’ perceived health, stress, and performance. Stress and Health, 35(4), 447–456.
Saratian, E. T. P., Soelton, M., Ali, A. J., Arief, H., Saragih, L., & Risfi, F. (2019). THE IMPLICATION OF WORK LOAD IN THE WORK PLACE THAT MAY PROVOKE WORK STRESS. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 20, 171–177.
Sari, D. P., & Ali, H. (2022). Literature Review Measurement Model of Individual Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Individual Characteristics, Work Culture and Workload. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(4), 647–656.
Sato, K., Kuroda, S., & Owan, H. (2020). Mental health effects of long work hours, night and weekend work, and short rest periods. Social Science & Medicine, 246, 112774.
Sharkey, J., & Caska, B. (2019). Work-life balance versus work-life merge: A comparative and thematic analysis of workplace well-being. DBS Business Review, 3.
Sugiono. (2018). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Prof. Dr. Sugiyono.
Syihabudhin, S., Nora, E., Juariyah, L., Hariri, A., & Dhika, O. (2020). Effect of Workload on Employee Performance Through Work Life Balance at Ollino Garden Hotel Malang East Java. 3rd Asia Pacific Management Research Conference (APMRC 2019), 141–146.
Tentama, F., Rahmawati, P. A., & Muhopilah, P. (2019). The effect and implications of work stress and workload on job satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(11), 2498–2502.
Triana‐Palencia, E., Cárdenas‐Cárdenas, L. M., Juárez‐García, A., Quiroz‐Muysina, J., & Idrovo, A. J. (2019). Use of assessment scales, turnover and job strain in nursing staff: A study in a Colombian hospital. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(1), 42–51.
Uddin, M. (2021). Addressing work‐life balance challenges of working women during COVID‐19 in Bangladesh. International Social Science Journal, 71(239–240), 7–20.
Vijayan, M. (2017). IMPACT OF JOB STRESS ON EMPLOYEES’JOB PERFORMANCE IN AAVIN, COIMBATORE. Journal of Organisation & Human Behaviour, 6(3).
Vyas, L. (2022). “New normal” at work in a post-COVID world: work–life balance and labor markets. Policy and Society, 41(1), 155–167.
White, C., & Maniam, B. (2020). Flexible working arrangements, worklife balance, and working women. Journal of Business and Accounting, 13(1), 59–73.
Wong, K., Chan, A. H. S., & Ngan, S. C. (2019). The effect of long working hours and overtime on occupational health: a meta-analysis of evidence from 1998 to 2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2102.
Xi, N., Chen, J., Gama, F., Riar, M., & Hamari, J. (2023). The challenges of entering the metaverse: An experiment on the effect of extended reality on workload. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(2), 659–680.
Yu, J., Park, J., & Hyun, S. S. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on employees’ work stress, well-being, mental health, organizational citizenship behavior, and employee-customer identification. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 30(5), 529–548.
Zahra, F., & Fazlurrahman, H. (2023). The Impact of Work Environment and Work Family Conflict on Job Satisfaction With Work Life Balance as Intervening Variable. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJEMBIS), 3(3), 455–470.
Zuhriatusobah, J., Yudha, E. K., Rahayu, Y., & Achmad, W. (2023). Work Life Balance Strategy to Improve Employee Performance at PT. XYZ. Central European Management Journal, 31(2), 94–105.
Aruldoss, A., Kowalski, K. B., & Parayitam, S. (2021). The relationship between quality of work life and work-life-balance mediating role of job stress, job satisfaction and job commitment: evidence from India. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 18(1), 36–62.
Badri, M., Al Khaili, M., Aldhaheri, H., Yang, G., Al Bahar, M., & Al Rashdi, A. (2022). Examining the structural effect of working time on well-being: Evidence from Abu Dhabi. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 6(1), 100317.
Baquero, A. (2023). Hotel employees’ burnout and intention to quit: the role of psychological distress and financial well-being in a moderation mediation model. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 84.
Basem, Z., Norawati, S., Kamal, M., Munika, R., & Hastuti, S. (2022). The Effect of Compensation, Workload, and Work Life Balance on Employee Loyalty with Job Satisfaction as a Moderating Variable. Italienisch, 12(2), 405–425.
Boamah, S. A., Hamadi, H. Y., Havaei, F., Smith, H., & Webb, F. (2022). Striking a balance between work and play: The effects of work–life interference and burnout on faculty turnover intentions and career satisfaction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 809.
Giorgi, G., Lecca, L. I., Alessio, F., Finstad, G. L., Bondanini, G., Lulli, L. G., Arcangeli, G., & Mucci, N. (2020). COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: a narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7857.
Gray, P., Senabe, S., Naicker, N., Kgalamono, S., Yassi, A., & Spiegel, J. M. (2019). Workplace-based organizational interventions promoting mental health and happiness among healthcare workers: A realist review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4396.
Hakim, A. R. (2023). Konsep Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Kesejahteraan Rakyat di Era Tantangan Digital. Journal of Economics and Business UBS, 12(4), 2672–2682.
Halim, W., & Heryjanto, A. (2021). Work-Life Balance Sebagai Mediasi Pengaruh Workload Dan Work-Family Conflict Terhadap Life Satisfaction Work-Life Balance As a Mediating Effect of Workload and Work-Family Conflict on Life Satisfaction. Februari.
Hernandez, R., Pyatak, E. A., Vigen, C. L. P., Jin, H., Schneider, S., Spruijt-Metz, D., & Roll, S. C. (2021). Understanding worker well-being relative to high-workload and recovery activities across a whole day: Pilot testing an ecological momentary assessment technique. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10354.
Hilman, H., Edward, Y. R., & Faris, S. (2022). The Effect Of Work Life Balance And Work Stress On Performance With Job Satisfaction As Intervening Variables At The Office Of Theministry Of Religion, Selatan Tapanuli Regency. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 3(5), 1321–1328.
Hsu, Y.-Y., Bai, C.-H., Yang, C.-M., Huang, Y.-C., Lin, T.-T., & Lin, C.-H. (2019). Long hours’ effects on work-life balance and satisfaction. BioMed Research International, 2019.
Huang, H., Liu, L., Yang, S., Cui, X., Zhang, J., & Wu, H. (2019). Effects of job conditions, occupational stress, and emotional intelligence on chronic fatigue among Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 351–360.
Indrawati, A., & Pradhanawati, A. (2019). Peran Ganda dan Fleksibilitas Jam Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Buruh Perempuan Pada Ukm Konveksi Batik Semarang 16. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis, 8(4), 352–360.
Irawanto, D. W., Novianti, K. R., & Roz, K. (2021). Work from home: Measuring satisfaction between work–life balance and work stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Economies, 9(3), 96.
Isa, M., & Indrayati, N. (2023). The role of work–life balance as mediation of the effect of work–family conflict on employee performance. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 10.
Jerrim, J., & Sims, S. (2021). When is high workload bad for teacher wellbeing? Accounting for the non-linear contribution of specific teaching tasks. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, 103395.
Joan Immanuella Hanna Pangemanan. (2023, March 1). Studi uktikan Pekerja di Indonesia Lebih Mementengkan Work Life Balance. Media Indonesia.
Johari, J., Tan, F. Y., & Zulkarnain, Z. I. T. (2018). Autonomy, workload, work-life balance and job performance among teachers. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(1), 107–120.
Kaduk, A., Genadek, K., Kelly, E. L., & Moen, P. (2019). Involuntary vs. voluntary flexible work: insights for scholars and stakeholders. Community, Work & Family, 22(4), 412–442.
Kokoroko, E., & Sanda, M. A. (2019). Effect of workload on job stress of Ghanaian OPD nurses: The role of coworker support. Safety and Health at Work, 10(3), 341–346.
Komari, N., Sulistiowati, S., Kurniawati, S., Daud, I., Afifah, N., & Giriati, G. (2023). Menciptakan Keseimbangan Antara Pekerjaan dan Keluarga bagi Pekerja Perempuan (Focus Group Discussion dengan Dharma Wanita Persatuan Kabupaten Mempawah). E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 14(1), 64–69.
Kumar, P., Kumar, N., Aggarwal, P., & Yeap, J. A. L. (2021). Working in lockdown: the relationship between COVID-19 induced work stressors, job performance, distress, and life satisfaction. Current Psychology, 1–16.
Magnavita, N., Tripepi, G., & Chiorri, C. (2021). Telecommuting, off-time work, and intrusive leadership in workers’ well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3330.
Massoud, M. F., Younis, J., Ibrahim, N. A., & Massoud, M. F. (n.d.). Original Paper Managing Stress through Work-Life Balance: A Study on Jinan Lebanon University Staff.
Midha, S., Maior, H. A., Wilson, M. L., & Sharples, S. (2021). Measuring mental workload variations in office work tasks using fNIRS. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 147, 102580.
Obrenovic, B., Jianguo, D., Khudaykulov, A., & Khan, M. A. S. (2020). Work-family conflict impact on psychological safety and psychological well-being: A job performance model. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 475.
Okikiola, O. L. (2022). EFFECT OF STRESS ON EMPLOYEES’PERFORMANCE IN GUARANTY TRUST BANK: A QUALITATIVE STUDY. British Journal of Global Ecology and Sustainable Development, 1, 17–39.
Omar, M. K., Aluwi, A. H., Fauzi, M. W. M., & Hairpuddin, N. F. (2020). Work stress, workload, work-life balance, and intention to leave among employees of an insurance company in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 21(2), 70–78.
Omar, M. K., Mohd, I. H., & Ariffin, M. S. (2015). Workload, role conflict and work-life balance among employees of an enforcement agency in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 8(2), 52–57.
Pandey, D. L. (2020). Work stress and employee performance: an assessment of impact of work stress. International Research Journal of Human Resource and Social Sciences, 7(05), 124–135.
Pawlicka, A., Pawlicki, M., Tomaszewska, R., Choraś, M., & Gerlach, R. (2020). Innovative machine learning approach and evaluation campaign for predicting the subjective feeling of work-life balance among employees. PloS One, 15(5), e0232771.
Peckham, T., Flaherty, B., Hajat, A., Fujishiro, K., Jacoby, D., & Seixas, N. (2022). What does non-standard employment look like in the United States? An empirical typology of employment quality. Social Indicators Research, 163(2), 555–583.
Putra, K. D., & Daud, I. (2022). Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor Rumah Tahanan Negara Kelas II A Pontianak. OPTIMISM Journal of Management Business Entrepreneurship and Organization, 1(1).
Rashid, S., Subhan, Q. A., & Imran, M. (2022). IMPACT OF WORK LIFE BALANCE, WORKLOAD AND SUPERVISORY SUPPORT ON TEACHERS’JOB PERFORMANCE WITH MEDIATING ROLE OF STRESS: A CASE OF PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS OF ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN. International Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 3(1), 21–34.
Safitri, R., & Marcheila, S. D. (2022). Measuring work stress from work-life balance and workload during Covid-19 pandemic. BISNIS: Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen Islam, 10(2), 229–246.
Sandrin, É., Gillet, N., Fernet, C., Leloup, M., & Depin‐Rouault, C. (2019). Effects of motivation and workload on firefighters’ perceived health, stress, and performance. Stress and Health, 35(4), 447–456.
Saratian, E. T. P., Soelton, M., Ali, A. J., Arief, H., Saragih, L., & Risfi, F. (2019). THE IMPLICATION OF WORK LOAD IN THE WORK PLACE THAT MAY PROVOKE WORK STRESS. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 20, 171–177.
Sari, D. P., & Ali, H. (2022). Literature Review Measurement Model of Individual Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Individual Characteristics, Work Culture and Workload. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(4), 647–656.
Sato, K., Kuroda, S., & Owan, H. (2020). Mental health effects of long work hours, night and weekend work, and short rest periods. Social Science & Medicine, 246, 112774.
Sharkey, J., & Caska, B. (2019). Work-life balance versus work-life merge: A comparative and thematic analysis of workplace well-being. DBS Business Review, 3.
Sugiono. (2018). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Prof. Dr. Sugiyono.
Syihabudhin, S., Nora, E., Juariyah, L., Hariri, A., & Dhika, O. (2020). Effect of Workload on Employee Performance Through Work Life Balance at Ollino Garden Hotel Malang East Java. 3rd Asia Pacific Management Research Conference (APMRC 2019), 141–146.
Tentama, F., Rahmawati, P. A., & Muhopilah, P. (2019). The effect and implications of work stress and workload on job satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(11), 2498–2502.
Triana‐Palencia, E., Cárdenas‐Cárdenas, L. M., Juárez‐García, A., Quiroz‐Muysina, J., & Idrovo, A. J. (2019). Use of assessment scales, turnover and job strain in nursing staff: A study in a Colombian hospital. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(1), 42–51.
Uddin, M. (2021). Addressing work‐life balance challenges of working women during COVID‐19 in Bangladesh. International Social Science Journal, 71(239–240), 7–20.
Vijayan, M. (2017). IMPACT OF JOB STRESS ON EMPLOYEES’JOB PERFORMANCE IN AAVIN, COIMBATORE. Journal of Organisation & Human Behaviour, 6(3).
Vyas, L. (2022). “New normal” at work in a post-COVID world: work–life balance and labor markets. Policy and Society, 41(1), 155–167.
White, C., & Maniam, B. (2020). Flexible working arrangements, worklife balance, and working women. Journal of Business and Accounting, 13(1), 59–73.
Wong, K., Chan, A. H. S., & Ngan, S. C. (2019). The effect of long working hours and overtime on occupational health: a meta-analysis of evidence from 1998 to 2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2102.
Xi, N., Chen, J., Gama, F., Riar, M., & Hamari, J. (2023). The challenges of entering the metaverse: An experiment on the effect of extended reality on workload. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(2), 659–680.
Yu, J., Park, J., & Hyun, S. S. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on employees’ work stress, well-being, mental health, organizational citizenship behavior, and employee-customer identification. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 30(5), 529–548.
Zahra, F., & Fazlurrahman, H. (2023). The Impact of Work Environment and Work Family Conflict on Job Satisfaction With Work Life Balance as Intervening Variable. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJEMBIS), 3(3), 455–470.
Zuhriatusobah, J., Yudha, E. K., Rahayu, Y., & Achmad, W. (2023). Work Life Balance Strategy to Improve Employee Performance at PT. XYZ. Central European Management Journal, 31(2), 94–105.
Badri, M., Al Khaili, M., Aldhaheri, H., Yang, G., Al Bahar, M., & Al Rashdi, A. (2022). Examining the structural effect of working time on well-being: Evidence from Abu Dhabi. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 6(1), 100317.
Baquero, A. (2023). Hotel employees’ burnout and intention to quit: the role of psychological distress and financial well-being in a moderation mediation model. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 84.
Basem, Z., Norawati, S., Kamal, M., Munika, R., & Hastuti, S. (2022). The Effect of Compensation, Workload, and Work Life Balance on Employee Loyalty with Job Satisfaction as a Moderating Variable. Italienisch, 12(2), 405–425.
Boamah, S. A., Hamadi, H. Y., Havaei, F., Smith, H., & Webb, F. (2022). Striking a balance between work and play: The effects of work–life interference and burnout on faculty turnover intentions and career satisfaction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 809.
Giorgi, G., Lecca, L. I., Alessio, F., Finstad, G. L., Bondanini, G., Lulli, L. G., Arcangeli, G., & Mucci, N. (2020). COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: a narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7857.
Gray, P., Senabe, S., Naicker, N., Kgalamono, S., Yassi, A., & Spiegel, J. M. (2019). Workplace-based organizational interventions promoting mental health and happiness among healthcare workers: A realist review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4396.
Hakim, A. R. (2023). Konsep Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Kesejahteraan Rakyat di Era Tantangan Digital. Journal of Economics and Business UBS, 12(4), 2672–2682.
Halim, W., & Heryjanto, A. (2021). Work-Life Balance Sebagai Mediasi Pengaruh Workload Dan Work-Family Conflict Terhadap Life Satisfaction Work-Life Balance As a Mediating Effect of Workload and Work-Family Conflict on Life Satisfaction. Februari.
Hernandez, R., Pyatak, E. A., Vigen, C. L. P., Jin, H., Schneider, S., Spruijt-Metz, D., & Roll, S. C. (2021). Understanding worker well-being relative to high-workload and recovery activities across a whole day: Pilot testing an ecological momentary assessment technique. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10354.
Hilman, H., Edward, Y. R., & Faris, S. (2022). The Effect Of Work Life Balance And Work Stress On Performance With Job Satisfaction As Intervening Variables At The Office Of Theministry Of Religion, Selatan Tapanuli Regency. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 3(5), 1321–1328.
Hsu, Y.-Y., Bai, C.-H., Yang, C.-M., Huang, Y.-C., Lin, T.-T., & Lin, C.-H. (2019). Long hours’ effects on work-life balance and satisfaction. BioMed Research International, 2019.
Huang, H., Liu, L., Yang, S., Cui, X., Zhang, J., & Wu, H. (2019). Effects of job conditions, occupational stress, and emotional intelligence on chronic fatigue among Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 351–360.
Indrawati, A., & Pradhanawati, A. (2019). Peran Ganda dan Fleksibilitas Jam Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Buruh Perempuan Pada Ukm Konveksi Batik Semarang 16. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis, 8(4), 352–360.
Irawanto, D. W., Novianti, K. R., & Roz, K. (2021). Work from home: Measuring satisfaction between work–life balance and work stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Economies, 9(3), 96.
Isa, M., & Indrayati, N. (2023). The role of work–life balance as mediation of the effect of work–family conflict on employee performance. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 10.
Jerrim, J., & Sims, S. (2021). When is high workload bad for teacher wellbeing? Accounting for the non-linear contribution of specific teaching tasks. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, 103395.
Joan Immanuella Hanna Pangemanan. (2023, March 1). Studi uktikan Pekerja di Indonesia Lebih Mementengkan Work Life Balance. Media Indonesia.
Johari, J., Tan, F. Y., & Zulkarnain, Z. I. T. (2018). Autonomy, workload, work-life balance and job performance among teachers. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(1), 107–120.
Kaduk, A., Genadek, K., Kelly, E. L., & Moen, P. (2019). Involuntary vs. voluntary flexible work: insights for scholars and stakeholders. Community, Work & Family, 22(4), 412–442.
Kokoroko, E., & Sanda, M. A. (2019). Effect of workload on job stress of Ghanaian OPD nurses: The role of coworker support. Safety and Health at Work, 10(3), 341–346.
Komari, N., Sulistiowati, S., Kurniawati, S., Daud, I., Afifah, N., & Giriati, G. (2023). Menciptakan Keseimbangan Antara Pekerjaan dan Keluarga bagi Pekerja Perempuan (Focus Group Discussion dengan Dharma Wanita Persatuan Kabupaten Mempawah). E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 14(1), 64–69.
Kumar, P., Kumar, N., Aggarwal, P., & Yeap, J. A. L. (2021). Working in lockdown: the relationship between COVID-19 induced work stressors, job performance, distress, and life satisfaction. Current Psychology, 1–16.
Magnavita, N., Tripepi, G., & Chiorri, C. (2021). Telecommuting, off-time work, and intrusive leadership in workers’ well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3330.
Massoud, M. F., Younis, J., Ibrahim, N. A., & Massoud, M. F. (n.d.). Original Paper Managing Stress through Work-Life Balance: A Study on Jinan Lebanon University Staff.
Midha, S., Maior, H. A., Wilson, M. L., & Sharples, S. (2021). Measuring mental workload variations in office work tasks using fNIRS. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 147, 102580.
Obrenovic, B., Jianguo, D., Khudaykulov, A., & Khan, M. A. S. (2020). Work-family conflict impact on psychological safety and psychological well-being: A job performance model. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 475.
Okikiola, O. L. (2022). EFFECT OF STRESS ON EMPLOYEES’PERFORMANCE IN GUARANTY TRUST BANK: A QUALITATIVE STUDY. British Journal of Global Ecology and Sustainable Development, 1, 17–39.
Omar, M. K., Aluwi, A. H., Fauzi, M. W. M., & Hairpuddin, N. F. (2020). Work stress, workload, work-life balance, and intention to leave among employees of an insurance company in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 21(2), 70–78.
Omar, M. K., Mohd, I. H., & Ariffin, M. S. (2015). Workload, role conflict and work-life balance among employees of an enforcement agency in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 8(2), 52–57.
Pandey, D. L. (2020). Work stress and employee performance: an assessment of impact of work stress. International Research Journal of Human Resource and Social Sciences, 7(05), 124–135.
Pawlicka, A., Pawlicki, M., Tomaszewska, R., Choraś, M., & Gerlach, R. (2020). Innovative machine learning approach and evaluation campaign for predicting the subjective feeling of work-life balance among employees. PloS One, 15(5), e0232771.
Peckham, T., Flaherty, B., Hajat, A., Fujishiro, K., Jacoby, D., & Seixas, N. (2022). What does non-standard employment look like in the United States? An empirical typology of employment quality. Social Indicators Research, 163(2), 555–583.
Putra, K. D., & Daud, I. (2022). Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor Rumah Tahanan Negara Kelas II A Pontianak. OPTIMISM Journal of Management Business Entrepreneurship and Organization, 1(1).
Rashid, S., Subhan, Q. A., & Imran, M. (2022). IMPACT OF WORK LIFE BALANCE, WORKLOAD AND SUPERVISORY SUPPORT ON TEACHERS’JOB PERFORMANCE WITH MEDIATING ROLE OF STRESS: A CASE OF PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS OF ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN. International Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 3(1), 21–34.
Safitri, R., & Marcheila, S. D. (2022). Measuring work stress from work-life balance and workload during Covid-19 pandemic. BISNIS: Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen Islam, 10(2), 229–246.
Sandrin, É., Gillet, N., Fernet, C., Leloup, M., & Depin‐Rouault, C. (2019). Effects of motivation and workload on firefighters’ perceived health, stress, and performance. Stress and Health, 35(4), 447–456.
Saratian, E. T. P., Soelton, M., Ali, A. J., Arief, H., Saragih, L., & Risfi, F. (2019). THE IMPLICATION OF WORK LOAD IN THE WORK PLACE THAT MAY PROVOKE WORK STRESS. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 20, 171–177.
Sari, D. P., & Ali, H. (2022). Literature Review Measurement Model of Individual Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Individual Characteristics, Work Culture and Workload. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(4), 647–656.
Sato, K., Kuroda, S., & Owan, H. (2020). Mental health effects of long work hours, night and weekend work, and short rest periods. Social Science & Medicine, 246, 112774.
Sharkey, J., & Caska, B. (2019). Work-life balance versus work-life merge: A comparative and thematic analysis of workplace well-being. DBS Business Review, 3.
Sugiono. (2018). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Prof. Dr. Sugiyono.
Syihabudhin, S., Nora, E., Juariyah, L., Hariri, A., & Dhika, O. (2020). Effect of Workload on Employee Performance Through Work Life Balance at Ollino Garden Hotel Malang East Java. 3rd Asia Pacific Management Research Conference (APMRC 2019), 141–146.
Tentama, F., Rahmawati, P. A., & Muhopilah, P. (2019). The effect and implications of work stress and workload on job satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(11), 2498–2502.
Triana‐Palencia, E., Cárdenas‐Cárdenas, L. M., Juárez‐García, A., Quiroz‐Muysina, J., & Idrovo, A. J. (2019). Use of assessment scales, turnover and job strain in nursing staff: A study in a Colombian hospital. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(1), 42–51.
Uddin, M. (2021). Addressing work‐life balance challenges of working women during COVID‐19 in Bangladesh. International Social Science Journal, 71(239–240), 7–20.
Vijayan, M. (2017). IMPACT OF JOB STRESS ON EMPLOYEES’JOB PERFORMANCE IN AAVIN, COIMBATORE. Journal of Organisation & Human Behaviour, 6(3).
Vyas, L. (2022). “New normal” at work in a post-COVID world: work–life balance and labor markets. Policy and Society, 41(1), 155–167.
White, C., & Maniam, B. (2020). Flexible working arrangements, worklife balance, and working women. Journal of Business and Accounting, 13(1), 59–73.
Wong, K., Chan, A. H. S., & Ngan, S. C. (2019). The effect of long working hours and overtime on occupational health: a meta-analysis of evidence from 1998 to 2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2102.
Xi, N., Chen, J., Gama, F., Riar, M., & Hamari, J. (2023). The challenges of entering the metaverse: An experiment on the effect of extended reality on workload. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(2), 659–680.
Yu, J., Park, J., & Hyun, S. S. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on employees’ work stress, well-being, mental health, organizational citizenship behavior, and employee-customer identification. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 30(5), 529–548.
Zahra, F., & Fazlurrahman, H. (2023). The Impact of Work Environment and Work Family Conflict on Job Satisfaction With Work Life Balance as Intervening Variable. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJEMBIS), 3(3), 455–470.
Zuhriatusobah, J., Yudha, E. K., Rahayu, Y., & Achmad, W. (2023). Work Life Balance Strategy to Improve Employee Performance at PT. XYZ. Central European Management Journal, 31(2), 94–105.
Aruldoss, A., Kowalski, K. B., & Parayitam, S. (2021). The relationship between quality of work life and work-life-balance mediating role of job stress, job satisfaction and job commitment: evidence from India. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 18(1), 36–62.
Badri, M., Al Khaili, M., Aldhaheri, H., Yang, G., Al Bahar, M., & Al Rashdi, A. (2022). Examining the structural effect of working time on well-being: Evidence from Abu Dhabi. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 6(1), 100317.
Baquero, A. (2023). Hotel employees’ burnout and intention to quit: the role of psychological distress and financial well-being in a moderation mediation model. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 84.
Basem, Z., Norawati, S., Kamal, M., Munika, R., & Hastuti, S. (2022). The Effect of Compensation, Workload, and Work Life Balance on Employee Loyalty with Job Satisfaction as a Moderating Variable. Italienisch, 12(2), 405–425.
Boamah, S. A., Hamadi, H. Y., Havaei, F., Smith, H., & Webb, F. (2022). Striking a balance between work and play: The effects of work–life interference and burnout on faculty turnover intentions and career satisfaction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 809.
Giorgi, G., Lecca, L. I., Alessio, F., Finstad, G. L., Bondanini, G., Lulli, L. G., Arcangeli, G., & Mucci, N. (2020). COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: a narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7857.
Gray, P., Senabe, S., Naicker, N., Kgalamono, S., Yassi, A., & Spiegel, J. M. (2019). Workplace-based organizational interventions promoting mental health and happiness among healthcare workers: A realist review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4396.
Hakim, A. R. (2023). Konsep Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Kesejahteraan Rakyat di Era Tantangan Digital. Journal of Economics and Business UBS, 12(4), 2672–2682.
Halim, W., & Heryjanto, A. (2021). Work-Life Balance Sebagai Mediasi Pengaruh Workload Dan Work-Family Conflict Terhadap Life Satisfaction Work-Life Balance As a Mediating Effect of Workload and Work-Family Conflict on Life Satisfaction. Februari.
Hernandez, R., Pyatak, E. A., Vigen, C. L. P., Jin, H., Schneider, S., Spruijt-Metz, D., & Roll, S. C. (2021). Understanding worker well-being relative to high-workload and recovery activities across a whole day: Pilot testing an ecological momentary assessment technique. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10354.
Hilman, H., Edward, Y. R., & Faris, S. (2022). The Effect Of Work Life Balance And Work Stress On Performance With Job Satisfaction As Intervening Variables At The Office Of Theministry Of Religion, Selatan Tapanuli Regency. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 3(5), 1321–1328.
Hsu, Y.-Y., Bai, C.-H., Yang, C.-M., Huang, Y.-C., Lin, T.-T., & Lin, C.-H. (2019). Long hours’ effects on work-life balance and satisfaction. BioMed Research International, 2019.
Huang, H., Liu, L., Yang, S., Cui, X., Zhang, J., & Wu, H. (2019). Effects of job conditions, occupational stress, and emotional intelligence on chronic fatigue among Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 351–360.
Indrawati, A., & Pradhanawati, A. (2019). Peran Ganda dan Fleksibilitas Jam Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Buruh Perempuan Pada Ukm Konveksi Batik Semarang 16. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis, 8(4), 352–360.
Irawanto, D. W., Novianti, K. R., & Roz, K. (2021). Work from home: Measuring satisfaction between work–life balance and work stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Economies, 9(3), 96.
Isa, M., & Indrayati, N. (2023). The role of work–life balance as mediation of the effect of work–family conflict on employee performance. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 10.
Jerrim, J., & Sims, S. (2021). When is high workload bad for teacher wellbeing? Accounting for the non-linear contribution of specific teaching tasks. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, 103395.
Joan Immanuella Hanna Pangemanan. (2023, March 1). Studi uktikan Pekerja di Indonesia Lebih Mementengkan Work Life Balance. Media Indonesia.
Johari, J., Tan, F. Y., & Zulkarnain, Z. I. T. (2018). Autonomy, workload, work-life balance and job performance among teachers. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(1), 107–120.
Kaduk, A., Genadek, K., Kelly, E. L., & Moen, P. (2019). Involuntary vs. voluntary flexible work: insights for scholars and stakeholders. Community, Work & Family, 22(4), 412–442.
Kokoroko, E., & Sanda, M. A. (2019). Effect of workload on job stress of Ghanaian OPD nurses: The role of coworker support. Safety and Health at Work, 10(3), 341–346.
Komari, N., Sulistiowati, S., Kurniawati, S., Daud, I., Afifah, N., & Giriati, G. (2023). Menciptakan Keseimbangan Antara Pekerjaan dan Keluarga bagi Pekerja Perempuan (Focus Group Discussion dengan Dharma Wanita Persatuan Kabupaten Mempawah). E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 14(1), 64–69.
Kumar, P., Kumar, N., Aggarwal, P., & Yeap, J. A. L. (2021). Working in lockdown: the relationship between COVID-19 induced work stressors, job performance, distress, and life satisfaction. Current Psychology, 1–16.
Magnavita, N., Tripepi, G., & Chiorri, C. (2021). Telecommuting, off-time work, and intrusive leadership in workers’ well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3330.
Massoud, M. F., Younis, J., Ibrahim, N. A., & Massoud, M. F. (n.d.). Original Paper Managing Stress through Work-Life Balance: A Study on Jinan Lebanon University Staff.
Midha, S., Maior, H. A., Wilson, M. L., & Sharples, S. (2021). Measuring mental workload variations in office work tasks using fNIRS. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 147, 102580.
Obrenovic, B., Jianguo, D., Khudaykulov, A., & Khan, M. A. S. (2020). Work-family conflict impact on psychological safety and psychological well-being: A job performance model. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 475.
Okikiola, O. L. (2022). EFFECT OF STRESS ON EMPLOYEES’PERFORMANCE IN GUARANTY TRUST BANK: A QUALITATIVE STUDY. British Journal of Global Ecology and Sustainable Development, 1, 17–39.
Omar, M. K., Aluwi, A. H., Fauzi, M. W. M., & Hairpuddin, N. F. (2020). Work stress, workload, work-life balance, and intention to leave among employees of an insurance company in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 21(2), 70–78.
Omar, M. K., Mohd, I. H., & Ariffin, M. S. (2015). Workload, role conflict and work-life balance among employees of an enforcement agency in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 8(2), 52–57.
Pandey, D. L. (2020). Work stress and employee performance: an assessment of impact of work stress. International Research Journal of Human Resource and Social Sciences, 7(05), 124–135.
Pawlicka, A., Pawlicki, M., Tomaszewska, R., Choraś, M., & Gerlach, R. (2020). Innovative machine learning approach and evaluation campaign for predicting the subjective feeling of work-life balance among employees. PloS One, 15(5), e0232771.
Peckham, T., Flaherty, B., Hajat, A., Fujishiro, K., Jacoby, D., & Seixas, N. (2022). What does non-standard employment look like in the United States? An empirical typology of employment quality. Social Indicators Research, 163(2), 555–583.
Putra, K. D., & Daud, I. (2022). Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor Rumah Tahanan Negara Kelas II A Pontianak. OPTIMISM Journal of Management Business Entrepreneurship and Organization, 1(1).
Rashid, S., Subhan, Q. A., & Imran, M. (2022). IMPACT OF WORK LIFE BALANCE, WORKLOAD AND SUPERVISORY SUPPORT ON TEACHERS’JOB PERFORMANCE WITH MEDIATING ROLE OF STRESS: A CASE OF PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS OF ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN. International Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 3(1), 21–34.
Safitri, R., & Marcheila, S. D. (2022). Measuring work stress from work-life balance and workload during Covid-19 pandemic. BISNIS: Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen Islam, 10(2), 229–246.
Sandrin, É., Gillet, N., Fernet, C., Leloup, M., & Depin‐Rouault, C. (2019). Effects of motivation and workload on firefighters’ perceived health, stress, and performance. Stress and Health, 35(4), 447–456.
Saratian, E. T. P., Soelton, M., Ali, A. J., Arief, H., Saragih, L., & Risfi, F. (2019). THE IMPLICATION OF WORK LOAD IN THE WORK PLACE THAT MAY PROVOKE WORK STRESS. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 20, 171–177.
Sari, D. P., & Ali, H. (2022). Literature Review Measurement Model of Individual Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Individual Characteristics, Work Culture and Workload. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(4), 647–656.
Sato, K., Kuroda, S., & Owan, H. (2020). Mental health effects of long work hours, night and weekend work, and short rest periods. Social Science & Medicine, 246, 112774.
Sharkey, J., & Caska, B. (2019). Work-life balance versus work-life merge: A comparative and thematic analysis of workplace well-being. DBS Business Review, 3.
Sugiono. (2018). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Prof. Dr. Sugiyono.
Syihabudhin, S., Nora, E., Juariyah, L., Hariri, A., & Dhika, O. (2020). Effect of Workload on Employee Performance Through Work Life Balance at Ollino Garden Hotel Malang East Java. 3rd Asia Pacific Management Research Conference (APMRC 2019), 141–146.
Tentama, F., Rahmawati, P. A., & Muhopilah, P. (2019). The effect and implications of work stress and workload on job satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(11), 2498–2502.
Triana‐Palencia, E., Cárdenas‐Cárdenas, L. M., Juárez‐García, A., Quiroz‐Muysina, J., & Idrovo, A. J. (2019). Use of assessment scales, turnover and job strain in nursing staff: A study in a Colombian hospital. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(1), 42–51.
Uddin, M. (2021). Addressing work‐life balance challenges of working women during COVID‐19 in Bangladesh. International Social Science Journal, 71(239–240), 7–20.
Vijayan, M. (2017). IMPACT OF JOB STRESS ON EMPLOYEES’JOB PERFORMANCE IN AAVIN, COIMBATORE. Journal of Organisation & Human Behaviour, 6(3).
Vyas, L. (2022). “New normal” at work in a post-COVID world: work–life balance and labor markets. Policy and Society, 41(1), 155–167.
White, C., & Maniam, B. (2020). Flexible working arrangements, worklife balance, and working women. Journal of Business and Accounting, 13(1), 59–73.
Wong, K., Chan, A. H. S., & Ngan, S. C. (2019). The effect of long working hours and overtime on occupational health: a meta-analysis of evidence from 1998 to 2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2102.
Xi, N., Chen, J., Gama, F., Riar, M., & Hamari, J. (2023). The challenges of entering the metaverse: An experiment on the effect of extended reality on workload. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(2), 659–680.
Yu, J., Park, J., & Hyun, S. S. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on employees’ work stress, well-being, mental health, organizational citizenship behavior, and employee-customer identification. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 30(5), 529–548.
Zahra, F., & Fazlurrahman, H. (2023). The Impact of Work Environment and Work Family Conflict on Job Satisfaction With Work Life Balance as Intervening Variable. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJEMBIS), 3(3), 455–470.
Zuhriatusobah, J., Yudha, E. K., Rahayu, Y., & Achmad, W. (2023). Work Life Balance Strategy to Improve Employee Performance at PT. XYZ. Central European Management Journal, 31(2), 94–105.